2010 saw farmed tilapia exceed 3.2 million metric tons per annum, surging further ahead of the salmon and catfish industries. WebTilapia has become the shining star of aquaculture with farms starting and expanding across the globe while consumption races ahead of even the most ambitious farm building plans. Tilapia fish survive at 12-40 0 C and grow at 18-35 0C. Several research projects have evaluated selective breeding for various traits in tilapia. Tilapia is a great source of some minerals and vitamins. 3. Liver oil contains vitamin A and D, while the body oil contains them in traces. However, there have been few studies on crossbreeding within species strains. Farming Tilapia. Oreochromis hybrids are characterized by a surplus of males. Tilapia are mainly Tilapia is a delicious, lean white fish that has a wide variety of associated health benefits which may include its potential ability to help reduce weight, boost overall metabolism, speed up repair and growth throughout the body, build strong bones, reduce the risk of various chronic diseases, lower triglyceride levels, prevent arthritis, Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. For example, it is thought that virtually all the O. mossambicus in Asia are derived from five individual fish discovered in Indonesia in the 1930s. WebTilapia (/ t l p i / tih-LAH-pee-) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. Economic importance of tilapia fish 1 See answer Advertisement jaydendavetulipas Answer: Tilapia is one of the most productive and internationally traded food fish in the world. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) belongs to the family Cichlidae under order Perciformes of class Actinopterygii. Tilapia fish survive at 12-40 0 C and grow at 18-35 0 C. It can grow up to 45 cm in length and 1.1 kg in weight with a lifespan of 11 years. They usually breed at 18-25 degrees Celsius. A Source of Protein It is thus often worthwhile for producers to evaluate available strains to identify those best suited to their systems (Table 1). 1999Buffalo Springs, Kenya10.0Whitehead 1962, Ross River weirs (1997/98), Townsville, Qld, Australia, Ross River weirs (1992) Townsville, Qld, Australia, Curralea Lake (1990), Townsville, Qld, Australia, Ross Dam, Townsville-Thuringowa, Qld, Australia. Oil is skimmed from the surface of water and sent for purification. Low calorie 3. Probably the best-known example of selection for growth is the ICLARM-coordinated Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia project. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Each egg is 1.9-3.0 mm in diameter. It can be cultivated in freshwater and brackish water ponds. 3. Bangladesh is one of the world's leading fish producing countries where inland aquaculture contributes 56.44%, and inland capture contributes 28.14%, to total production in 201617 ( Table 1 ). Psychological health, Strengthening bones, Combat cancer cells, Cardiac health, Assist to lose weight. Tilapia is an internationally farmed trade species recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, which is promoted and farmed in more than 100 countries and regions. Poor broodstock management practices such as mating of relatives and unconscious selection commonly lead to a deterioration in the genetic quality of domesticated populations. Such fish also play an important role in controlling aquatic weeds and mosquito larvae. Unlock this data. Tilapia fish is a lean source of protein and also a good source of various vitamins and minerals. Many such populations are inferior to wild-caught stocks, even though the latter are often not particularly well adapted to the captive environment. Two types of genetic manipulations have been successfully carried out in tilapia: chromosome set manipulations, including gynogenesis, androgenesis, and triploidy; and gene transfers to produce transgenic lines. Dr. E. Trewavas is a senior tilapia expert at the British Museum of Natural History. Tilapia farming is not new. In case of pond cultivation, they eat rice and wheat husk, flour, masturd oil cake etc. For a better experience on this and other websites, we recommend that you enable Javascript. Transgenic fish have been used to study developmental regulation of genes, improve cold tolerance, increase growth rate, and improve feed utilization. It is rich in niacin, vitamin B12, phosphorus, selenium and potassium. Tilapia: superfish - a tipping point. The expression of this transgene resulted in dramatic growth enhancement. Tilapia Fish Farming Business's typically involve a much greater degree of movement than other lines of work. About 1.3 million MT of the total was farmed tilapia, with the remaining wild-caught. In animal and plant breeding, the term strain is normally applied to intraspecific subpopulations that exhibit distinctive traits, which are normally homozygous or true breeding. Tilapia have been called Saint Peter's fish in reference to biblical passages about the fish fed to the multitudes. WebEconomic Importance of Fish: (i) Fish as food: ADVERTISEMENTS: The fish flesh is an excellent source of protein, has very little fat, carries a good amount of minerals and vitamins A and D and rich in iodine. 11. That is why they are called as mouthbreeders. Summary of genetic technologies that have resulted in significant benefits for commercial aquaculture. Economic Importance of Fish (i) Fish as food: The meat of the fish is high in protein, low in fat, and high in minerals and vitamins A and D. It also contains a lot of iodine. Recent trials of genetically male tilapia produced using a selected female line have produced further gains in growth rate. Mitotic gynogenesis and androgenesis have also been used to produce isogenic clonal lines. Earliest form of fish culture appears to be of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the native of China.Then record shows of the cultivation of Tilapia mossamblaca from Vietnam.Fishes enjoy special consideration in Human civilization for Fishes have always been an important species to man. WebTilapia are important food fish cultured in developing countries. The Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) was one of the first fish species cultured. They usually breed every 2-3 months throughout the year. Male fish build nests and protect their breeding areas from being attacked by other males. No wonder we emphasized land with a gentle slope, free from flooding. Tilapia farming is not new. Tilapias, along with various carp species, catfish and salmonids (which include salmon and trout), dominate fish production from the aquaculture sector. The number of eggs depends on the size of the fish. Tilapia Fish Farming Business's typically involve a much greater degree of movement than other lines of work. Consumer demand for tilapia and tambaqui product attributes is studied in the second essay. Plus the fact that it should be somewhere elevated. Production of 8 10 tons/ha can be obtained in one crop of 6 months. Plus the fact that it should be somewhere elevated. Economic importance of tilapia fish 1 See answer Advertisement jaydendavetulipas Answer: Tilapia is one of the most productive and internationally traded food fish in the world. Liver oil is prepared from the liver of several species, including sharks and rays. The fish is first cooked in large pots containing sufficient quantity of water, on fire or on steam. Although aquaculture genetics lag behind advances in crop and livestock breeding, the current pace of development may narrow the gap appreciably in coming years. Move oxygen through your body. It contains 8.9% nitrogen and phosphate, and when mixed with soil, forms a rich fertiliser for plants. Nearly all fish freshwater and marine are edible and have been an important source of protein, fat and vitamins A and D since time immemorial. Textile Recycling. Various farming techniques are applied by the industry for commercial tilapia production in fresh and brackishwater ponds, and cages and pens in lakes. Even in largescale commercial operations or stateof- the-art intensive-production systems, due consideration is rarely given to the origin or quality of the stock cultured other than ensuring the correct species is used. Average weight of the transgenic fish was three to four times that of their nontransgenic siblings (Fig 2), with equivalent or superior food-conversion efficiencies. In this study, profitability analysis About 1.3 million MT of the total was farmed tilapia, with the remaining wild-caught. (Editors Note: This article was originally published in the December 2001 print edition of the Global Aquaculture Advocate.). Mostly sardines are used for preparing fish meal and the waste material forms the fish guano. WebFish have considerable economic importance are useful as well as harmful to man. Production is expected to rise over 2.0 million MT by 2010. Mozambique Tilapia has been studied in many countries around the world. These larvicidal fishes are propagated and distributed widely into ponds, lakes and tanks to destroy mosquito that transmit malaria, yellow fever and other dreadful diseases of tropical countries. Due to its popularity, there have been more frequent introductions of Nile tilapia into aquaculture from wild African populations. A program in Cuba has produced a true-breeding line, transgenic for a tilapia growth hormone gene, in an O. u. hornorum-based hybrid tilapia. This represents a very significant genetic bottleneck, and explains the very low levels of genetic diversity of Asian O. mossambicus compared to indigenous populations from southeast Africa (Fig. Liquid glues are prepared from skin, head and other trimmings of certain fishes. Summary of hybrid combinations known to produce monosex male progeny. It accounted for 85 percent of the total tilapia production of 1.85 million metric tons (MT) reported for 2000, which was valued at U.S. $1.5 billion. Fish have formed an important item of human diet. Economic Importance. The following table shows the maximum total length of Mozambique Tilapia obtained from the results of various studies:Place and CountryTotal length(cm)Source/ResearchersRoss River weirs (1997/98), Townsville, Qld, Australia43.8Webb, unpublInyamiti pan, KwaZulu, South Africa43.2Bruton & Allanson,1974Ross River weirs (1992) Townsville, Qld, Australia41.3Webb, unpubl. No wonder we emphasized land with a gentle slope, free from flooding. Tilapia expressing extra copies of trout growth hormone gene grow much faster than their non transgenic counterparts which do not possess extra copies of the growth hormone gene. Certain fishes and their bye-products contribute to useful Ayurvedic and Unani medicines for treatment of duodenal ulcers, skin diseases, night blindness, general weakness, loss of appetite, colds, coughs, bronchitis, ashthma, tuberculosis, etc. WebTilapia are important food fish cultured in developing countries. The YY technology is also based on O. Tilapia expressing extra copies of trout growth hormone gene grow much faster than their non transgenic counterparts which do not possess extra copies of the growth hormone gene. Cichlids. Production is expected to rise over 2.0 million MT by 2010. Liver oil contains 55-75% fat, 5-10% protein and the rest water. Javascript is currently disabled in your web browser. 2010 saw farmed tilapia exceed 3.2 million metric tons per annum, surging further ahead of the salmon and catfish industries. Its popularity among farmers is also increasing day by day due to its ability to take natural food, interest in supplementary food, survival in adverse natural environment and high immunity. This is the most successful sex reversal programme which has had a significant economic impact on tilapia culture (El-Sayed 2019). Fish farm in Nigeria presently covers an estimated 60,000 ha of the country and produces some 25,000 to 30,000 mt of fish per year (Moehl, 2003). Emerging research on aquaculture governance has pointed to the conundrum of negative global environmental effects from economic incentives for aquaculture production to shift from more highly regulated to less regulated countries. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The body is long, well pressed and rounded. It can grow up to 45 cm in length and 1.1 kg in weight with a lifespan of 11 years. Phosphorus 4. It is rich in niacin, vitamin B12, phosphorus, selenium and potassium. Above all man can digest it easily. For example: Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis aureus etc. Tilapia is one of the most important farmed fish species worldwide (FAO 2018) and an important source of protein (Fitzsimmons 2000;Hai 2015). The resultant product is then stored, and if preserved in airtight containers after sterilisation retains its nutritive value for a long time. Fishes form one of the most important group of vertebrates for man, influencing his life in various ways. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The most commonly hunted fishes are the freshwater perch and trout and the marine tarpon. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. They can inflict painful wounds, sometimes fatal by the poisonous stings or spines. Niacin 5. The YY technology is also based on O. Mosquito Larvae. On the other hand, a male tilapia becomes sexual maturity at 10-30 cm in length. Tilapia is a great source of some minerals and vitamins. Tilapia is now the third most important fish in aquaculture, providing around 1.5 million metric tonnes per year. Just ask the Egyptians, whove been farming these fish for thousands of years. For Hair. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. They also have several negative effects, including causing diseases in humans and animals and blighting crops Tilapia fish is a great protein for the body, which in addition to being low in fat and high in Omega 3 fatty acids, also contains Vitamin B12 and niacin. The fins of sharks are exported to China where they are used for preparing soup. WebTilapia (/ t l p i / tih-LAH-pee-) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. The pirhanas of Central and South America have very strong teeth and are dangerous even to man. Heal tissue. ECONOMICS OF FARM UNITS 3.1 Species and culture techniques to be investigated 3.1.1 Species WebTilapia is the common name broadly applied to a group of cichlid fishes native to Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. Brooder. Transgenic fish have been used to study developmental regulation of genes, improve cold tolerance, increase growth rate, and improve feed utilization. WebJul 7, 2022 - Before we move further to the importance of tilapia fishes, Tilapia is the common name broadly applied to a group of cichlid fishes native to Africa, the 11 Uses and Economic Importance of Tilapia Fishes 354 followers. Attempts are already under way to develop a selectively sterile fish using transgenesis. Some fishes like cartilaginous electric ray (Torpedo) have electric organs which give powerful shocks to swimmers and fishermen. Psychological health, Strengthening bones, Combat cancer cells, Cardiac health, Assist to lose weight. 2010 saw farmed tilapia exceed 3.2 million metric tons per annum, surging further ahead of the salmon and catfish industries. As such they occupy an intermediate position between primary producers and piscivores. The isinglass is a shining powder and is used for clearing wine, beer, making edible jelly and in the preparation of adhesive material. This study has focused on examining whether regulatory costs on U.S. tilapia farms may have Nearly all fish freshwater and marine are edible and have been an important source of protein, fat and vitamins A and D since time immemorial. Growth trials have produced enhanced yields 30-90 percent higher than equivalent mixedsex tilapia. By becoming a Global Seafood Alliance member, youre ensuring that all of the pre-competitive work we do through member benefits, resources and events can continue. Fish production potential of the country is estimated to be 51,400 tones per annum. Consumer response to transgenic fish, which are classed as genetically modified organisms, is also generally negative. Tilapia fish is a great protein for the body, which in addition to being low in fat and high in Omega 3 fatty acids, also contains Vitamin B12 and niacin. According to Pottinger and Baldwin, fish meat contains atleast 5 of the essential amino acids. by Lucy Towers. Nearly all fish freshwater and marine are edible and have been an important source of protein, fat and vitamins A and D since time immemorial. The finest quality of isinglass is obtained from Russia. Important Considerations Land, Water And Soil. Unique amongst the major farmed fishes, tilapia maintains a key role in rural aquaculture improving the welfare of the poorest farmers while at the same time, it is reared in the most high tech production systems and is sold into international markets for up-scale markets. A Source of Protein Moreover, the demand in the international market is increasing day by day. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. School of Biological Sciences University of Wales Swansea, U.K. Asian Institute of Technology P.O. This project, based in the Philippines, used a combined selection methodology on a synthetic base population developed from newly introduced stocks from Africa and domesticated Asian stocks. There has been a significant and largely successful research effort on chromosome set manipulations in several tilapia species. 1). A similar, although slightly simpler, breeding program has been developed to produce monosex male O. aureus, through the production of sex-reversed ZZ females, although this monosex fish is not thought to be in significant commercial production. In most fishes, the flesh is white, contains about 13 to 20% of protein and has a food value of 300 to 1600 calories per pound. The skin of several fishes like the sharks and rays are used for making polishing and smoothing material. Cichlid Fish. The importance of tilapia include 1. Your body uses protein to: Build bones and muscle. Production of 8 10 tons/ha can be obtained in one crop of 6 months. Enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, tilapia could improve scalp health and strengthen hair strands. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Particularly in developed countries, adoption of transgenics by farmers may involve significant economic risks. Tilapias, along with various carp species, catfish and salmonids (which include salmon and trout), dominate fish production from the aquaculture sector. WebNile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) is the most cultured freshwater species among the farmed tilapia and contributes about 71% of the world total tilapia production. Vitamin B12 6. WebIn light of the potential fish demand driven by population and economic growth in Africa where tilapia is a native species favoured by most consumers, there is little doubt that there is great potential for the development of tilapia Liver is cut into small pieces and boiled in sufficient quantity of water. In a serving of 100 grams, it packs 26 grams of protein and only 128 calories. Transgenesis is one of the most promising technologies for generating relatively rapid genetic improvements. Pet shops now-a-days stock many kinds of fishes for hobbyists and scientists. Tilapia is now the third most important fish in aquaculture, providing around 1.5 million metric tonnes per year. WebIn Nigeria, Tilapia culture is a promising aquaculture business. Production of 8 10 tons/ha can be obtained in one crop of 6 months. Tilapia is omnivorous. Above all man can digest it easily. Economic Importance of Fish (i) Fish as food: The meat of the fish is high in protein, low in fat, and high in minerals and vitamins A and D. It also contains a lot of iodine. Thus, an alternative genetics-based solution has been sought, founded on the current knowledge of the mechanisms of inheritance of sex in tilapia. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Box 4 Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand, [104,116,46,99,97,46,116,105,97,64,114,105,97,109,99,103]. Some tribal people used skins of puffer and porcupine fishes {e.g., Diodon) for war helmets. The importance of tilapia include 1. Most days, you will spend your day walking, running errands for your business, and performing a multitude of tasks. Your hair needs nourishment and wild tilapia fish can provide essential nutrients in this context. Flesh of some tropical fishes (e.g., Tetrodon) is also poisonous and may prove fatal to man. Its importance as food is increasing day by day all over the world. Brooder. It has 7 grams of protein and 6 grams of fat per 100-gram serving. For preparing body oil, fish are boiled in large quantity of water. Cichlid Fish. WebFish have considerable economic importance are useful as well as harmful to man. Bangladesh is one of the world's leading fish producing countries where inland aquaculture contributes 56.44%, and inland capture contributes 28.14%, to total production in 201617 ( Table 1 ). It has 7 grams of protein and 6 grams of fat per 100-gram serving. Besides this, it contains vitamin A and D together with large amount of phosphorus present in it. Which is an economic importance of farming with tilapia? Above all, man can readily absorb it. Shark skin tanned with placoid scales on it is called shagreen. 11. Hybrids involving O. hornorum are not widely cultured, despite the consistency of monosex sex ratios, due to the relatively poor growth performance of the species. The respondents were aware on the The fish meal contains about 60% protein and high percentage of calcium phosphate so that it is very valuable for cattle and poultry. In China, tilapia culture is a promising aquaculture business and it occupies an important position in global tilapia culture. When crossed to normal females (XX), these YY supermales have the unique property of siring only genetically male progeny. Such fish is also a trouble tolerant fish. The Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) was one of the first fish species cultured. With the failure of hybridization to effectively solve the problem of early sexual maturation, unwanted reproduction, and overpopulation in tilapia culture, alternative technologies were sought. They can grow up to 45 cm in length and live up to 11 years. Earliest form of fish culture appears to be of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the native of China.Then record shows of the cultivation of Tilapia mossamblaca from Vietnam.Fishes enjoy special consideration in Human civilization for Positive heterosis occurs when the value of a trait in a hybrid or crossbred is greater than that of the parent species/strains. WebIn Nigeria, more than 100 private commercial fish farms are currently in production. However, triploids can only be produced using artificial fertilization, which is not possible on a commercial scale. ECONOMICS OF FARM UNITS 3.1 Species and culture techniques to be investigated 3.1.1 Species An extreme case of specialisation is the bony electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) of the Amazon. Vitamin B12 6. Fins and genital papillae of male and female tilapia (Oreochromis). Seafood supply chains, from fish farmers to supermarkets selling direct to consumers, must understand consumer demand for product attributes to ensure production and availability of desired products. No special techniques are required for breeding and laying eggs. The major food fishes of India include Labeo, Catla, Cirrhina, Mystus Wallago, Notopterus, Ophiocepholus, etc. Tilapia is a widely appreciated fish in many countries, the United States included, where they occupy fourth place as the most consumed fish. Above all, man can readily absorb it. Bonny Fishes, Chordata, Economic Importance of Fish, Osteichthyes, Vertebrates, Zoology. As of 2018, Tilapia made up ~10% of the total farmed fish production, with the Nile tilapia dominating this (FAO, 2020). The cooked material is then pressed to remove moisture and dried in the sun on suitable platforms. Genus: Oreochromis Female fishes of this genus keep their eggs in their mouths for hatching. Fish as Human Food: Fish have formed an important item of human diet. WebVitamin B-12 (67.50%) Isoleucine (63.46%) Lysine (60.23%) Threonine (57.16%) Health benefits. WebIt is important to underestimate somewhat the growth and yield of fish and plants and to slightly overestimate the costs. A domesticated organism is trained to live with, or be of service to, humans. We hope youll consider supporting our mission to document the evolution of responsible seafood practices as well as ocean health and climate change by becoming a Global Seafood Alliance member. All the cartilaginous fishes are predaceous and feed chiefly on large quantities of crabs, lobsters, squids and other valuable marine animals. Tilapia are some of the oldest cultured fishes, as depicted in line drawings found in Egyptian tombs that date back to 2000 BC. They are not classed as genetically modified organisms, and the technology can be applied in a range of hatchery systems simply by replacing broodfish with YY males, although good broodstock management is required to prevent contamination. Tilapia Fish Farming Business's typically involve a much greater degree of movement than other lines of work. Tilapia Fish Farming. Tilapia has migrated to countries including Bangladesh, Java, Malaysia, Philippines, Pakistan, India, Tanzania, Uganda etc. 12. WebFish have considerable economic importance are useful as well as harmful to man. There are 3 spines and 10-11 soft rays in the anal fins. The major source of the YY tilapia fingerlings is Rydawi tilapia fish farm. Individual membership costs just $50 a year. It is also acceptable as an aquarium fish. Illustrations from Egyptian tombs suggest that Nile tilapia were cultured more than 3,000 years ago. During peak season, when there is a large supply of fish, or they are landed in spoiled condition, they are sun dried on the beach. Move oxygen through your body. Unlock this data. Low saturated fat 2. In the Philippines, in terms of annual production these fish are second to milkfish in importance. The marine fisheries production contribution to total fish production in 201617 was 15.42% with a growth rate of 1.75% ( Table 1 ). The Responsible Seafood Advocate supports the Global Seafood Alliances (GSA) mission to advance responsible seafood practices through education, advocacy and third-party assurances. In addition to serving as an important item of food, fishes provide several byproducts to us. Mosquito Larvae. Records for day to day management of the pond to be kept for inspection. It accounted for 85 percent of the total tilapia production of 1.85 million metric tons (MT) reported for 2000, which was valued at U.S. $1.5 billion. WebTilapia has become the shining star of aquaculture with farms starting and expanding across the globe while consumption races ahead of even the most ambitious farm building plans. Their reproduction is affected by temperature. Response to selection has been demonstrated for such traits as age at maturation and cold tolerance, although the major emphasis of most studies is on growth-related traits. Potassium 7. They also have several negative effects, including causing diseases in humans and animals and blighting crops Fish production potential of the country is estimated to be 51,400 tones per annum. Fish farm in Nigeria presently covers an estimated 60,000 ha of the country and produces some 25,000 to 30,000 mt of fish per year (Moehl, 2003). Fishes like dogfish (Scoliodori), perch (Perca) and carp (Labeo), etc., are dissected for anatomical study in zoological laboratories. 1990Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, South Africa26.0Bruton & Allanson,1974Yodawewa Reservoir, Sri Lanka25.0De Silva 1985York Dam, Jamaica22.0Hickling 1961Gascoyne River, WA, Australia15.4Blhdorn et al. Throughout much of the world particularly in Asia, where more than 80 percent of cultured tilapia is produced the black tilapia (O. mossambicus) was the first to be introduced, becoming widespread in the 1960s. The choice of land is crucial to the construction of a pond. WebNile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) is the most cultured freshwater species among the farmed tilapia and contributes about 71% of the world total tilapia production. Most days, you will spend your day walking, running errands for your business, and performing a multitude of tasks. Shark skin leather is of some commercial importance in the manufacture of many useful articles such as shoes and hand bags, etc. This is called fish meal and is used as artificial food for poultry, pig and cattle. They cause great harm by destroying eggs, young and even adults of our food fishes. Lips are normal; The skull is light pink; Neck white; Light pink; The abdomen is dark in color; The edges of the dorsal fin are bluish-black; Lips are normal; Lower lip whitish; The head is gray-blue and the neck is white; The sides of the body are gray-blue; Abdomen white; The upper edges of the dorsal fin are orange; Tail fins colorless; Anal fins light yellowish or whitish; Lips protruding; The head is black; The lower cheek is black and the neck is white; All types of fins are black but the edges are orange-red; The lateral regions of the body are gray; The edges of the scales are yellow; Abdomen is light yellow in color; Dorsal fins with dark blue edges; Tail fin feathered checkered; Abdomen and lateral edges of body are dark blue; The genital papilla is transformed into a tassel; All types of fins are dark blue, especially the dorsal fins are bright blue; Lips are normal; Head is yellowish-golden; The scales above the head are brightly colored; The abdomen and lateral edges of the body are golden gray in color and occasionally black spots exist; Lips are normal; Head is gray-black; The lower chin and neck are orange-red; The lateral edges of the body are gray-black; the abdomen is orange-red; The genital papilla is long and pointed; They can survive at freshwater (<0.5 ppt) and salt water (34-38 ppt) environments, making it possible to cultivate this fish in coastal areas.