B. visualize the child's airway. A. a complete airway obstruction. A. radial A. C. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. As you approach the child, you note The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: B. multiple open fractures. C. a law enforcement officer must be present. Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1171. B. a low-grade fever and tachycardia. The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: A. premature phase. After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:types of family health services. Question Type: General Knowledge A. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. Answer: C B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. D. assess his or her respiratory effort. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. 84. When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. C. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. Question Type: Critical Thinking signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: You should: attempt cooling measures, offer O2, transport. Stridor. albuterol. A. discourage the family from observing. history from an adolescent patient? B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: Page: 1184, 77. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. D. duration of symptoms. In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: C. monitor the pulse oximeter reading. You are using JumpSTART in a triage situation involving several children. A. sexual activity Present your findings in a written or oral report. B. carotid C. grunting. d. an absence of breath sounds. Page: 1185. A. stridor. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? B. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. C. 4 seconds. You are responding to a 9-1-1 call where the mother reported finding her 3-month-old daughter cyanotic and unresponsive in her crib. C. crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time. D. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%. of the head. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: Page: 1162-1163. 23. A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: D. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position. Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1158. D. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement C. severe dehydration. When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to: place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. C. perform a blind finger sweep. The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to: place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders. The common symptoms of vasoconstriction are as follows: High blood pressure Dilated pupils Cramps Headache Changes in the skin color Imbalance Numbness Tingling in toes and fingers Impaired muscle control Muscle paralysis Slurred speech Vision problems Causes of Vasoconstriction A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. B. visualize the child's airway. D. wheezing. Do you agree? You should: Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. C. 90 mm Hg Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? A. perform abdominal thrusts. Question Type: General Knowledge Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child? A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? Heart rate may not reflect the severity of blood loss due to compensatory vasoconstriction and constriction. The child is conscious and appears alert. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back. B. D. head bobbing. B. complaining of severe back pain. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lbs. D. are most severe if the child ingested a poisonous substance. When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. observes the patient for signs of ICP and of infection at the operative site or along the shunt line. Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car. D. children with shunts. B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. A. C) a stiff or painful neck. D. wheezing. A. high fever. 18 months of age and older: HIV antibody tests can provide definitive diagnosis in children 18 months of age, with known or unknown exposure to HIV. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. C. severe infection. C. your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen. They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. A. B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. A. grunting. A. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. Answer: A B. Page: 1187, 87. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: C. retractions. Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must: ensure the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. 6, 12 In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: Question Type: General Knowledge C. avoiding the placement of a splint, if possible. 63. Question Type: General Knowledge A. stridor. D. lethal cardiac rhythm disturbances. Page: 1155. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A. warm, dry skin. Question Type: General Knowledge D. child's core body temperature is elevated. C. intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of Page: 1185. There is acute shortness of breath with pleuritic pain to the lateral side of the chest wall with physical signs of pneumothorax- hyper-resonance with absent breath sounds. You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. C. hyperthermia. You should: encourage him to cough, give O2 as tolerated, and transport. Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: The narrowing (constriction) of blood arteries by tiny muscles in their walls is known as vasoconstriction. D. give detailed updates to the infant's parents. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. Increased respiratory effort is often the distinguishing characteristic that sets cardiogenic shock apart from other forms of shock. Familial dysautonomia (FD), also known as Riley-Day syndrome, is a rare, progressive, recessive genetic disorder of the autonomic nervous system that affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and some parasympathetic neurons in the autonomic and sensory nervous system.. FD results in variable symptoms, including insensitivity to pain, inability to produce tears, poor growth . Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1173. presence of shock in infants and children? The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child, appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. B) headache and fever. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Question Type: General Knowledge An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. 4 Question Type: General Knowledge A. a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? Page: 1185. C. palpate the abdomen for rise and fall. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. Where no specific pediatric dose is given, the implication is that this drug is not commonly used or indicated in that age group. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. How could you check to see if this is true (without any scraping)? 31. Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. D. entrapment in a structural fire. 47. B. should be performed, regardless of the circumstances. conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. C. palpate the abdomen for rise and fall. C. palpate the abdomen for rise and fall. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head C. assuming a tripod position. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. 69. Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is A. sunken fontanelles. Page: 1168. C. bulging fontanelles. A. cyanosis. A. the growth plate is commonly injured. B. should be performed, regardless of the circumstances. A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. B. moderate dehydration. D. capillary refill, Answer: B B. weak distal pulses. Answer: B (a) 30C,5mmHg-30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, 5 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}30C,5mmHg Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. Answer: C Answer: A Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct? D. acute respiratory distress. A. mother younger than 20 years C. 25 g A. place padding under the child's head. Chapter 34: Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards | Quizlet When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: 7. Vasoconstriction (Constricted Blood Vessels): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. 4 years. C. begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully in order to open her bronchioles. If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. You should: B. Question Type: General Knowledge Vasoconstriction - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics B. not rule out compensated shock. Answer: A B. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: Page: 1197, EMT Chapter 33- Obstetrics & Neonatal Care eB, EMT Chapter 33: Obstetrics and Neonatal Care, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Winningham's Critical Thinking Cases in Nursing, Barbara A Preusser, Julie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding. A. older than 8 to 10 years. A. infection. Vasoconstriction can cause the following: Pale skin Tingling feeling in fingers and/or toes Numbness in extremities Cramps Headaches Imbalance Partial vision loss or blurred vision Increased. of the head. Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: partialt-hickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. Question Type: General Knowledge Question Type: General Knowledge Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: positioning, ice packs, and emotional support. When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: Answer: C B. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant. 59. product because it may: C. pad underneath the child's head. D. he or she is breathing inadequately. A. result in tachycardia. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. 15% D. hypovolemic shock. Question Type: General Knowledge 94. may indicate a serious underlying illness. Question Type: General Knowledge Answer: C B. continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more She is C. 8 months and 8 years. A. evaluate the child's baseline vital signs. B. continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol. B. allow the family to observe if they wish. Answer: B Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: D. superficial burns covering more than 10% to 15% of the body surface. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. You should: C. slightly flex the neck to prevent tracheal kinking. Page: 1170. B. awareness to place, pink and dry skin, and consistent eye contact. C. They are usually not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. Page: 1162. A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: 6 months. When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: A. they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. C. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back Infant development: Birth to 3 months - Mayo Clinic - Mayo Clinic C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Page: 1193. When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called: A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or Bacterial infection is a life-threatening complication that sometimes necessitates shunt removal. B. meningitis. Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? Answer: D The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. 82. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? D. observe the chest for adequate rise. You should: The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: weak distal pulses Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? C. skin condition A. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. C. delayed capillary refill. A. chills. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: intercostal muscles are not well developed, blood vessels near the skin are constricted. Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: Answer: D C. 25% Accessory muscle use. B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. C. immobilized on a long backboard. Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. Answer: B Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Infant and young child feeding - World Health Organization D. immediately report your suspicions to the parents. B. burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution D. he or she even has a minor injury. A. evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: D. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate. Page: 1196, 103. Answer: B A. routinely suction the mouth to remove oral secretions. Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct? B. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. 105. D. epiglottitis. B. a responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately PDF Physiology and classification of shock in children Question Type: General Knowledge D. 98 mm Hg. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: intercostal muscles are not well developed, blood vessels near the skin are constricted. D. 6, Answer: A Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children? they are: Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: B. B. C. hyperpnea. C. geriatrics A. a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase. A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The majority of cervical spine injuries in children are partial transections of the spinal cord, resulting in partial paralysis. Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: B. Page: 1166, 39. C. has a possible closed fracture of the radius. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. D. delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock. D. 10 years. C. are usually caused by viral meningitis. Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis? A B. low birth weight 95. mouth. You should: Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to: place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders. A. cyanosis. Febrile seizures in a child: Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children? C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. the back of his head. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Authors Channel Summit. An increased respiratory rate, particularly with signs of distress (eg, increased respiratory effort including nasal flaring, retractions, seesaw breathing, or grunting) An inadequate respiratory rate, effort, or chest excursion (eg, diminished breath sounds or gasping), especially if mental status is depressed