This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. Boston House, However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. Boston Spa, In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. As such, I disagree with the statement. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. . The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Henry himself gave people cause . As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. LS23 6AD Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Doodle's Point of View Company Reg no: 04489574. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. and reversing the religious settlement. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. - Leith blockade. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. Born: 7 September 1533. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Use your outline Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. Those who refused this were sent to prison. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. LS23 6AD She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. One was debt. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. They began to revolt against the Spanish. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.].
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