Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. do not worry Ms Jones, a stapedectomy is a minor procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing). Nu elskede Maria en mand, som hed Josef. Intralingual translation: example of the model Leichte Sprache Glosbe Usosweb Research This particularly concerns extensions into adaptation studies, intralingual translation , translation between semiotic systems (image to text to music, for example), and translation as the form of all interpretation and thus of all understanding, as suggested . Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. All in all, the changes made centre around the level of background knowledge (cultural as well as factual) and ability of comprehension of the target group. 2002 indskrive p mandtalslisterne (register on the census), 2002 i den by, de stammede fra (in the town from which they came), 2002 svbte ham i et taeppe (wrapped him in a blanket), Everyday language instead of formal or archaic language, 1948 af Davids hus og slaegt (of Davids house and lineage), 2002 efterkommer af Kong David (decendants of King David), 1948 Og det skete medens, de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde (And it happened, while they were there, came the time when she were to give birth), 2002 Da de nede frem til Betlehem, kom tidspunktet, da hun skulle fde (When they reached Bethlehem, came the time when she were to give birth), 1948 Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte (And she gave birth to her son, the firstborn), 2002 Maria fik sit frste barn en dreng (Maria had her first child a boy), 2002 kroen (more contemporary word for an inn). This is evident, for instance, when looking at the everyday Danish version and the childrens versions and is presumably the driving force in the majority of intralingual translations. There he was, warm and comfortable like his mother in the stall. The productive function of translation, which creates new meanings alongside transferring them from the source text, is also evident in the third type of translation outlined by Roman Jakobson: intersemiotic translation, or translation between media or sign systems. The first scholarly gathering of its kind, it gained the attention of translation scholars across nations. The reader is the least tortured of this trio, but the reader too may very well feel that he is missing something in the book, that through sheer ineptitude he is failing to be a proper vessel for the books overarching vision." Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. It can be seen that instead of the word "play", English has specific words . These separate definitions do of course not mean that both types cannot be at play in the same text or instance of translation an element of intralingual translation may well be part of the skopos of an interlingual translation (see examples in Zethsen forthcoming). The empirical work of this article is considered as a first attempt of a concrete, general description of the characteristics of and the microstrategies involved in intralingual translation. The first is its referential function. In other words, the differences in microstrategies are more a question of degree than of kind. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. This sentence provides information which is traditionally not given until verse 21. The facts that Maria was with child and that the child was her firstborn have been left out. In order to simplify, the text may also be heavily paraphrased or restructured. In one instance, the newer version replaces a modern-sounding expression Gik hen (went up to) with an older one, namely Drog hen, but probably because Drog hen is the more semantically correct expression. The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. Find a translation for the intralingual definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) What is Intersemiotic translation? Some time later we have a translator struggling to approximate the vision, not to mention the particulars of language and voice, of the text that lies before him. Highly functional translations (which meet skopoi which differ greatly from those of the source texts), localisation, prcis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. In this translation process, a phase of intralingual translation is added, i.e. Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. What is so remarkable here is that this illusory effect conceals the numerous conditions under which the translation is made . A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. [] and Joseph made a bed for the child in the manger. One notable example was the case of I. Th. titre de comparaison, il est propos une description gnrale de la traduction interlinguale et de ses caractristiques sur la base de cinq versions danoises diffrentes dune mme section de la Bible et dune analyse des micro-stratgies loeuvre dans chacune de ces versions. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Editor-in-Chief Guangxi University and Tsinghua University, China, Comparative Textology and English Translation of Chinese Classics, Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. 15 slides Approaches of translation Montasser Mahmoud 38.9k views 21 slides Foreignization & domestication abdelbaar 17.2k views 26 slides Types of translation Rita Vazquez Rojas 12.4k views 10 slides Pedagogical stylistics Belachew Weldegebriel 3.8k views 9 slides More Related Content Slideshows for you (20) Methods Of Translation Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Nordquist, Richard. Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound). An example of Hindi-Urdu scriptural translation is shown in Figure 1. Cookies at au.dk Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of space (reducing/extending translations) are typically various kinds of summarizing (such as prcis-writing, shortened versions of classical texts such as easy-readers, news reporting or subtitling for the deaf (Snell-Hornby 2006: 21) or extension/addition, which is typically seen when explanation is needed due to comprehension limits in the target group caused by time, culture or lack of knowledge. My alternative definition is open and inherently non-finite and is an attempt to define the discipline of translation studies as an open field which relies on an open, inherently non-finite, yet describable concept and not on necessary or sufficient conditions or audience assumptions. Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. As a result, intralingual translation is provided for kids to have a better understanding of the source texts. For the sake of comparison, a general description of . He does the best he can but is never satisfied. What a miracle! Intralingual translation can refer to rewording or paraphrasing, summarizing, expanding or commenting within a language. Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton - a comparative analysis of strategies in text production In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. The 1992 version is allegedly a new translation from Greek, but as mentioned above the translators do of course consult other modern language versions and in this case have leaned heavily on the 1948 version. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. Registered in England & Wales No. In one of the Bible translations (for very small children), we saw that significant restructuring (i.e., restructuring which transgresses even paragraphs) had taken place to ease comprehension. This parameter centres around the ability of comprehension of the target group, i.e., the target groups general ability to understand a text, its level of general background knowledge or its level of expertise (or lack of) in connection with a specific subject. Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. IntroductionAccording to Peter Newmark, translation is "rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text" (Peter Newmark, 1988: 4). The analyses on which this article is based were carried out on a limited number of texts and the characteristics found cannot necessarily be generalised to all kinds of intralingual translation. The intralingual translation that will be studied is a specific example: the rewriting of British novels for the North American market. In Denmark, and presumably in many other countries, there is an ever-increasing demand that expert knowledge be made accessible to the general public. Where does translation stop and something else take over, e.g. London and Cambridge: The MIT Press. Translation: Definition and Examples. this is a fork, you use it to put food in your mouth) and when we deal with different professionals who often paraphrase bits of their speech for a non-specialist (i.e. I have chosen to analyse and compare four different Danish versions of five verses from Luke chapter 2 with the Danish authorised 1948 version and this is how they read in the King James version (a 1986 edition[6]): And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. Also Schffner points out that translational reality exceeds interlingual translation and she claims that it is increasingly agreed within the academic community of translators that the translators responsibilities go well beyond what was traditionally considered a translation proper (Schffner 1999: 98). [] to be taxed in the city from which their people originally came. The definition will. Furthermore, the need for translation within the same language is also indicative of the richness of perspectives, knowledge and cultures that exist within our linguistic traditions (however forgotten). ), but the hypothesis will not be explored further in this article. Holmes (1972/2000) encourages us to describe, explain and predict, but to my knowledge the literature does not offer a systematic empirically-based account of intralingual translation, so this is what will be attempted in the following. 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The Bible as a source text is a complicated matter though because of the interlingual translation which is also involved. This line of thought was further elaborated by Steiner in 1975. Meaning of intralingual. Kakridis (1901-92), who, for the first time, wrote a book entitled The Translation Problem (To Metafrastiko Provlima). Novices (second-semester MA students of specialized translation or journalism ), Experienced text producers (at least five years of experience), Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton. Nothing has been added and nothing has been paraphrased. In practice, we see many kinds of intralingual translation; numerous varieties of expert-to-layman communication, easy-readers for children, subtitling for the deaf, summaries, some kinds of news reporting, new translations of classics, etc. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation . It also seems that the strategy of simplification is driven by one of the four parameters knowledge (e.g., layman words and expressions and simple active syntax substituted for expert terms and complex syntax, whereas syntactical changes in interlingual translation are often called for on the basis of structural differences between two languages), time (e.g., contemporary words and expressions and syntax substituted for obsolete words, expressions and syntax), culture (e.g., American words, expressions and syntax substituted for British words, expressions and syntax) or space (e.g., superfluous text omitted or explanatory text added) and that it takes many forms. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. P-nr: 1013139411, EAN-nr: 5798000418363 Even-Zohar (in Weissbrod 2004: 24) argues that there is no benefit in dealing with one phenomenon (translation) as if it were detached from other phenomena when it is not. And Gambier (1992: 308) takes a similar view: Enfin, il oblige reposer la ncessit prtendue dune thorie de la traduction, autonome, spare de la thorisation des autres processus interactionnels (intralinguistiques).. Do the strategies applied by students differ from those applied by professionals? Parents and primary teachers ask pupils to learn and recite the texts, which are difficult even for adults.